Me ka lōʻihi o nā hola o ke ao a me ka ikaika o ka lā, e hele ana ma nā alanui, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke ʻike he nui ka poʻe e ʻaʻahu ana i nā aniani photochromic ma mua o ka wā ma mua. ʻO nā aniani maka i kuhikuhi ʻia he kahawai kālā e ulu ana ma ka ʻoihana kūʻai aniani i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ʻo nā aniani photochromic ke kumu kūʻai mau nei i ke kauwela. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o ka mākeke a me ka mea kūʻai aku i nā aniani photochromic mai ko lākou ʻano, ka pale ʻana i ke kukui, a me nā pono e pili ana i ka hoʻokele.
I kēia mau lā, ʻike ka poʻe he nui i ka pōʻino o nā kukuna ultraviolet i ka ʻili. Ua lilo nā pale lā, nā parasol, nā pāpale baseball, a me nā uhi lima silika hau i mea nui no nā huakaʻi kauwela. ʻAʻole paha e ʻike koke ʻia ka pōʻino o nā kukuna UV i nā maka e like me ka ʻili ʻeleʻele, akā i ka wā lōʻihi, hiki i ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana ke alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi. Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā maʻi maka e like me ka cataracts a me ka macular degeneration e pili ana i ka makahiki he mau pilina pololei a ʻaʻole pololei paha i ka hōʻike ʻana iā UV. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe manaʻo like o nā mea kūʻai aku Kina no ka "manawa e komo ai i nā aniani maka" e pili ana i nā kūlana o ka lā. I ka manawa pinepine, pono mua ka pale kukui o waho, akā manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku he "mea pono ʻole" a koho ʻole e komo iā lākou. Ma muli o kēia kua, ʻo nā aniani photochromic, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻike a me ka pale kukui me ka ʻole o ka pono e wehe ʻia e like me nā aniani maka maʻamau i nā wahi like ʻole, ke loaʻa nei ka ʻae ʻia i waena o ka poʻe he nui.
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻololi kala i nā aniani photochromic e pili ana i ka "photochromism." Ma nā wahi o waho, ʻeleʻele kēia mau aniani e like me nā aniani maka a hoʻi i ka moakāka a me ka moakāka i loko. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻano i kahi mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka halide kālā. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana ʻana, hoʻokomo nā mea hana aniani i ke kumu a i ʻole ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni o nā aniani me nā microcrystals halide kālā. Ke hōʻike ʻia i ka mālamalama ikaika, hoʻopau ka halide kālā i nā ion kālā a me nā ion halide, e omo ana i ka hapa nui o ke kukui ultraviolet a me kekahi mālamalama ʻike ʻia. Ke emi ka mālamalama i ke kaiapuni, hui hou nā ion kālā a me nā ion halide i loko o ka halide kālā ma lalo o ka hana hoʻemi o ke keleawe oxide, e hoʻomālamalama ana i ke kala o ka aniani a hiki i ka moakāka a moakāka hou.
ʻO ka loli kala i nā aniani photochromic ka hopena o kahi moʻo o nā hopena kemika hoʻohuli ʻia, me ka mālamalama (me ke kukui ʻike ʻia a me ka ultraviolet) e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i kēia mau hopena. ʻO ke ʻano maoli, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pono o ke kaʻina hana hoʻololi kala e nā kau a me nā kūlana o ke aniau, no laila ʻaʻole ia e mālama mau i kahi hopena mau a paʻa.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, i ka wā lā, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kukuna ultraviolet, e alakaʻi ana i kahi hopena photochromic ikaika loa, a ʻeleʻele nui nā aniani. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, i nā lā ao, i ka wā e nāwaliwali ai nā kukuna UV a me ka ikaika o ka mālamalama, ʻike ʻia nā aniani māmā. Eia kekahi, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, e hoʻomālamalama mālie ke kala o nā aniani photochromic. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka mahana, e ʻeleʻele mālie nā aniani. ʻO kēia no ka mea i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻemi ʻia nā ion kālā a me nā ion halide, i hoʻopau mua ʻia, i halide kālā ma lalo o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomālamalama ana i ke kala o nā aniani.
E pili ana i nā aniani photochromic, aia kekahi mau nīnau maʻamau a me nā manaʻo ʻike:
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka transmittance/clarity o nā aniani photochromic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā aniani maʻamau?
ʻAʻohe kala o nā aniani photochromic kiʻekiʻe ke ʻole e hoʻāla ʻia a ʻaʻohe haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka mālamalama ma mua o nā aniani maʻamau.
No ke aha e loli ʻole ai ke kala o nā aniani photochromic?
ʻO ka nele o ka loli kala i nā aniani photochromic e pili ana i ʻelua mau kumu: nā kūlana kukui a me ka mea photochromic (silver halide). Inā ʻaʻole lākou e loli ke kala ʻoiai i ka mālamalama ikaika a me ka radiation UV, ua hōʻino ʻia paha ka mea photochromic.
E ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka hopena hoʻololi kala o nā aniani photochromic i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa?
E like me nā aniani maʻamau, he ola ko nā aniani photochromic. Me ka mālama pono ʻana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ma mua o 2-3 mau makahiki.
No ke aha i lilo ai nā aniani photochromic i pouli mau loa i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa?
Inā ʻeleʻele nā aniani photochromic i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻi hou i ka moakāka, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i kā lākou mea photochromic ke hoʻi i kona kūlana mua ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kala, e hopena ana i kahi waihoʻoluʻu koena. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o kēia hanana i nā aniani haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e loaʻa kēia pilikia i nā aniani photochromic maikaʻi.
No ke aha i ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā aniani hina ma ka mākeke?
Hiki i nā aniani hina ke omo i ka infrared a me 98% o nā kukuna UV. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o nā aniani hina, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻololi i nā kala mua o nā mea, e hōʻemi pono ana i ka ikaika o ke kukui. Hoʻomoʻa like lākou i ka mālamalama ma nā ʻāpana spectrum āpau, no laila ʻoi aku ka ʻeleʻele o nā mea akā me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia nui ʻana o ke kala, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona maoli a kūlohelohe. Eia kekahi, he kala kūlike ʻole ka hina, kūpono no nā mea āpau, e hoʻolilo ana i mea kaulana loa ma ka mākeke.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-11-2024